For numerous non-natives wishing to move to Germany, showcasing their proficiency in the German language turns out to be a crucial prerequisite. This article provides an all-inclusive guide on the different levels of German language proficiency required for different visa categories.
The ability to converse, read, comprehend, and write in German is one of the key factors that can ease the integration of foreign nationals into German society. For some specific purposes, such as employment or academic pursuits, it might be even mandatory to exhibit a certain level of proficiency in the German language.
Foreign nationals applying for a German visa often need to demonstrate that they can communicate effectively in German to a certain standard. This is generally proven by taking a test and obtaining a certification to validate the language requirements of the category under which they are applying. These certifications are globally acknowledged tests that can bring you a step closer to your objective to live, work, or study in a German-speaking country.
Typically, you will need to appear for an examination at an approved test center where your German language skills will be evaluated using the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) levels.
The CEFR was formulated by the Council of Europe to establish a consistent standard for assessing language fluency. Under this framework, learners are evaluated in the four areas of language use: listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
The CEFR distinguishes between the following six levels of language competence, which describe the capabilities of a foreign language learner at each level.
At the A1 level, you can comprehend and use basic German phrases and recognize elementary words that describe yourself and your surroundings. You can use greetings and introduce yourself and others, and comprehend basic day-to-day German vocabulary provided the other person speaks slowly and clearly. You also have the ability to write in a simple manner, for example, entering details when filling out official forms.
The A1 level of German language proficiency is required for certain non-EU spouses coming to Germany under family reunion visa applications, although some exceptions apply.
The A2 level is a slightly more sophisticated beginner level. At this level, you can convey information about your job, your family, and your basic needs. You also comprehend practical materials like train schedules and you can comprehend short written and spoken messages.
You will need to evidence this level of German language ability if you are applying for a visa for the recognition of foreign qualifications, or a visa for employment within the framework of a recognition Partnership.
Once your language abilities have advanced to B1 level, you will start to enjoy more German media, with the ability to follow most TV or radio programs that have slow and clear narration. Your written and spoken expressions have also become more complex.
B1 level of language proficiency is required if you wish to apply for permanent residency in Germany after five years, and when you apply for naturalization.
At B2 level, you can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity, making regular interaction with native speakers much easier. Even if you may still struggle with fast dialogue or idiomatic expressions, at this level of language proficiency the right words, expressions, and grammar will come more naturally for you. You can also produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and clearly explain different viewpoints.
As a general rule, German language skills at least at level B2 are required for student visas, depending on the university and study program.
At the C1 level, your use and comprehension of German become more intuitive. You can delve deeper into the German you see and hear, engaging in more complex conversations and enjoying more native-level media.
The Goethe Certificate C1 is acknowledged as proof of language skills for studying at numerous (technical) universities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
The C2 level enables you to produce and understand highly complex German. This is close to native-level German fluency. Even accents from different parts of the German-speaking world do not cause issues for you.
The Goethe Certificate C2 is recognized by all (technical) universities as proof of language skills for studying or research in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
The Goethe-Institut is a part-funded organization by the German government that offers German courses and language certification exams in more than 90 countries worldwide. The Goethe-Institut certificate (Zertifikat) is recognized globally as a German language certification and can be used in Germany for visa, residence permit, and citizenship applications, as well as for university entrance requirements.
The level of German language skills you will need to demonstrate depends on the type of visa you are applying for. You can use this chart to check which German language skills you need to have to obtain a certain residence title.
